On Today:

The NYC hub of ecoartspace is hosting an opening reception today called Down to Earth. Simon Draper and Todd Sargood, E Odin Cathcart, Jeff Bailey and Cathy Lebowitz will be representing the Habitat for Artists in the exhibit. The reception is taking place tonight from 6-8pm at 53 Mercer St down in the city.

Of course, Walkway over the Hudson opening events are scheduled today in Poughkeepsie.  There's a live feed on the website. the parade is scheduled to happen at 1:30.  Given the weather today, I hope there's plenty of non slip tape up there on the floor... It's a long way down.

Open Space will be presenting the comedy stylings of Beacon's own Sam Anderson and a lecture by David Rees called "How to Win The Lottery"  The hilarity will be happening from 8 to 9:30 tonight.

Finally, don't forget the screening today of Art21's "Compassion" at 2pm at the Beacon Community Center at 23 W Center St.

T is for Thursday. T is for Talking.

If you like talking, and if you like listening to talking, then Thursday is your day. 

The habitat at Old Main Circle on the SUNY New Paltz Campus.

The Dorsky Museum will be hosting a Habitat for Artists round table panel discussion which will relate to the ongoing HFA project that has located several mini artist residencies in structures around the city of New Paltz.  The discussion will be moderated by Wall Street Journal writer Wendy Bounds and will include artists Simon Draper, Mercedes Cecilla, Sarah Haviland, Todd Sargood, curators Brian Wallace of the Dorsky Museum and Amy Lipton of ecoartspace, Shari Osborne, Trustee, Village of New Paltz and Richard Heyl de Ortiz, Director Historic Huguenot Street, New Paltz. 

This discussion will kick of at 7pm in the museum.

Also on Thursday night, I'll be among six Beacon artists who will be discussing various aspects of our work at the Barrett Art Center's monthly Artist Salon series which takes place the final Thursday of every month.  I'll be discussing the kork project space.  Also speaking on Thursday are Steve Rossi, Peter Iannarelli, Jim Zellinger, Kirsten Kucer and Lee Price.  The salon starts at 7pm.  The Barrett Art Center is located at 55 Noxon Ave in Poughkeepsie.

Cultural omnivores dilemma: Saturday June 27

There's there will be a lot of offerings vying  for your attention on Saturday.  Here's a sampling:

In addition to the first installment of it's series of professional development workshops held in collaboration with the Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts, Dia:Beacon will also be holding a Gallery talk at 1pm.  Robert Lubar will be discussing the work of Antoni Tapies.

Jaanika Peerna will be on hand from 3-6pm to discuss her current exhibit, Traces of a Sweet Connect at Go North.

Van Brunt Gallery is having an opening for part duex of its Quad show which will be on view in the gallery proper and in the second floor gallery at Hudson Beach glass and at Moxie.   This group exhibit  features the work of Colin Barclay, Richard Bruce, Richard Butler, Bo Gehring, Tadashi Hashimoto, David Loeb and Stephen Niccolls.  The reception starts at 6pm.  The exhibition runs through July 27.

One of the Hessel Museum's Franz West sculptures (Blue Couch) has been relocated on the

roof of the museum by Rachel Harrison.

The Hessel Museum at Bard College will be holding an opening reception for Consider The Lobster and Other Essays, a duo exhibitions, the first is a survey of the work of Rachel Harrison and the second is a curatorial collaboration between Harrison and Nayland Blake, Alan Ruppersburg, Harry Dodge, Tom Burr and Andrea Zittel in which works of the artists are installed amongst selections from the museum's permanent collection.  The opening reception is happening from 1 to 5pm.  As usual, a chartered bus will be bringing visitors up from NYC and returning them after the opening.  For more email ccs@bard.edu.  The exhibits will remain on view through December 20, 2009.

The Center for Photography in Woodstock is hosting a talk by Elinor Carucci starting at 8pm.  This talk looks very interesting I'm not certain if the maykr team will be able to attend, but we're currently in discussion about our plans for that day.  Carruci's work is jarring, dramatic and I'd like to hear her speak about it. Tickets for the talk are $7, $5 for students and members.  Contact CPW to make reservations and to check for availability. 

Dar Williams will be performing a benefit concert for ecoartspace and Habitat for Artists in at the McKenna Theater at SUNY New Paltz.  The show starts at 7:30 Tix are $25 ($30 at the door) call 845.257.3844 for info.

Ecotones and Transition Zones at the Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art in New Paltz

One view of the gallery with Michael Asbill's Practice Vessel in the center.
Ecotones and Transition Zones opened on Saturday at the Dorsky Museum in New Paltz. It's an enjoyable show with work in a wide range of media. The show manifests the artists' relationships to the environment - environments of all sorts. It's a call and response of an elemental kind; the artist brushing up against his or her own setting. The implications of which circle back into a broader environmentalist statement, but not didactically so, and the benefit here is that any statements here are personal and exploratory.


I neglected to get the information on the artist hanging from the ceiling playing a saw.
Ryan Roa and Darren Jones presented documentation in the form of a website and a brochure of an expedition the duo made along the Delaware and Hudson Canal. The website (http://www.jonesandroaexpedition.net/) is viewable in the gallery via a computer terminal.

Robert Capozzi is exhibiting photographic works that appear as sequences of film frames. He is additionally represented in documentation of a broader collaborative project called Field Notes: States of Mind. For Field Notes: States of Mind, Capozzi, with Laura Moriarty, Dylan McManus, Jill Parisi and Lorrie Fredetted embarked on a temporal and spatial exquisite corpse. The group rented a studio at the Barrett Art Center in Poughkeepsie. Each artist spent a week in the space creating an installation, then deinstalling that installation, leaving one element in the space that would the next artist would have to respond to as he/she moved in to create a new installation. The work was orignally executed to be included in the Graphica Creativa 09, a triennial exhibit of print media in Finland. Here at the Dorsky, the project is traced via a video, photographic documentation and a book. Capozzi's blog features some details of the project.
The Field Notes project is the highlight of the show for me conceptually, although there is a lot of strong work.


The photographic documentation of Field Notes: States of Mind - a collaborative project by Bob Capozzi, Lorrie Fredette, Dylan McManus, Laura Moriarty and Jill Parisi.
Conscience, 2008 by Jill Reynolds.

Heather Hutchison's plywood and plexi boxes. The work on the left is No Wind, No Waves, 2006. I didn't catch the title of the diptych on the right.





Simon Draper's interactive Habitat kiosk.Dar Williams will be performing a benefit concert with Nick Panasevich for ecoartspace and the Habitat for Artists project at the McKenna Theater in New Paltz. The McKenna Theater is located on the SUNY New Paltz Campus. The concert takes place on Sat, May 27, 2009 at 7 pm. Tix are $25.oo.


Ryan Roa's No Cares, Many Worries includes trash can palms with a trash bag hammock and monitor of a sunset/colorfield image.




Wayne Montecalvo's video installation TRUCKS, 2008.

A portion of the works by Itty Neuhaus
Franc Palaia's Lead Lot and Chromium.


Emily Putoff uses used motor oil an glass beads to create the imagery in her Twilight 2007-2009
Outside the museum, some scultpure students' art carts or, as the students have named them, clusterfucks or clusterf*cks.

The Dorsky Museum's annual regional invitational opens today in New Paltz. Ecotones and Transition Zones, curated by Brian Wallace examines the relationship between environment and culture. Here's the line up of artists participating in the exhibit which runs through September 6, 2009:

Michael Asbill
Robert Capozzi
Robert Capozzi / Lorrie Fredette / Dylan McManus / Laura Moriarty / Jill Parisi
Ryder Cooley
Dick Crenson
Simon Draper / Habitat for Artists
Dana Duke
Beth Humphrey
Heather Hutchison
Tanya Marcuse
Susan Miiller
Wayne Montecalvo
Itty Neuhaus
Franc Palaia
J. Gilbert Plantinga
Emily Puthoff
Jill Reynolds
Ryan Roa
Camilo Rojas
Thomas Sarrantonio
Ida Weygandt

A free gallery tour will be given tomorrow, June 14 from 2 to 3pm. Tomorrow is also the final day to see the Dorsky's other exhibits: Bradford Graves Selected Works, Analog Catalog: investigating the Permanent Collection, Eva Watson-Schutze Photographer (this show has some stunning portraits.)
Simon Draper's Habitat for Artists is included in the exhibit and will have a presence in the museum, on campus and throughout New Paltz during the run of the exhibit. HFA is seeking proposals from artists interested in working in one of the diminutive studio spaces in public areas around New Paltz for three week periods. visit HFA's blog for contact info.

Reeling it in: March bookended

My virtual desk is piled high and spilling over with items I've meant to post, but have missed, like the slide slam that was held last night (March 31) at the Rosendale Theater. The slide slam was sponsored by the Women's Studio Workshop and consisted of 20 artists, some of whom are currently visiting artists in residence at WSW and others selected by three guest curators (Brian Wallace, Emily Putoff, Mimi Graminski ) and who each had 5 minutes to show and discuss their artwork. Deb Davidowits, Peter Iannarelli and Simon Draper were among the participating artists which also included Tricia Wright, Arthur Hash, Itty Neuhaus-Schuck, Anat Shiftan, Rena Leinberger, Jennifer Swenson, Elena Sniezak, Joy Taylor, Johanne Renbeck, Bibiana Huang Matheis, Tilly Strauss, Mimi Graminski, Emily Puthoff, Ellen Kucera Amanda Kalinoski and Ruth Wetzel. By the accounts I've received, it was a real whirlwind.
Earlier in the Month, (March 7) a trip down down to the city was bookended by visits to Pulse, which had a bunch of art, most of which I didn't have the energy to see, and a visit to Volta, which I enjoyed more.
I headed down to the Habitat for Artists installation at Ecoartspace project space in SOHO....HFA has also gotten recent attention online at Daily Green.com, Shedworking, and a video interview with Chuck Leavell on the Mother Nature Network.

From SOHO, I headed up to the Art Blogger panel discussion at Denise Bibro Fine Art. The panel was organized by Olympia Lambert, was moderated by Joanne Mattera, and was populated by Hrag Vartanian, Roberta Fallon and Libby Rosof, Bill Gusky and Brent Burket. The panel discussion was held as part of the Blogpix exhibit at the Bibro's Platform Project Space. The talk offered me the opportunity to finally meet Martin Bromirski in person. Martin has the distinction of a: maintaining an entertaining, photo laden blog for several years without actually having a computer of his own, and b: being defriended by Jerry Saltz on Facebook. Martin introduced me to Bill Gusky who upon learning I'm from Beacon said "Oh, so you get to visit Dia anytime you want." "Yeah" I said, "it's great." "Actually, I was being sarcastic." oh.
above: Sharon Butler's work, below: that of Steven Alexander included in the Blogpix show.

Fair Deal

The fairs are in full swing now down in New York and I'm going to head down tomorrow to sample a few things. I'm particularly interested in checking out Rune Olsen's project at Samson Projects at Volta. I'm hoping to make it over to Pulse as well, but my stamina and my interest just ain't what it used to be.
Of local interest, Jaanika Peerna will be participating in the Broad Thinking Curatorial Project at Bridge.
Over at the Armory Show, Stockholm's Wetterling Gallery will be presenting work by Mike and Doug Starn including recent pieces that relate to their Big Bambu project in Beacon. Armory VIP visitors will be able to view the installation in Tallix's former building in Beacon on Sunday, March 8
Coolhunting.com's lates video features the Starn's MTA subway station commission in New York:
For those interested, full fair coverage has started over at ArtFagCity.
I will be heading over to the Artblogger Panel being held tomorrow at 5pm. at Platform Project.
Also happening tomorrow, the newly opened NY station of Ecoartspace is hosting an exhibit of the Habitat for Artists project. The space will be open tomorrow from 12-6. Ecoartspace is located at 53 Mercer St., 3rd Floor.
Sharon L. Butler, who I'm sure will be at the Artblogger Panel recently referenced Ecoartspace and the Habitat project in her guest post on the Art 21 blog.

Videos footage from Feb 22, 2009 Panel Discussion at Van Brunt Gallery

The live online MAYKRvision feed of the panel talk held at Van Brunt Gallery on Sunday went off pretty well - with a few glitches along the way, but considering the lo-fi setup, the sound is very clear. It was a good test run. Thanks to Ty and Derek at Floor One Gallery for cluing me in on the possibility of broadcasting like this. Below are embeds of the talk, in three parts. You can also directly the each part's url on ustream.tv: Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3. There was a pre-Part 1 part which included Dorsky Museum curator Brian Wallace's opening statements, but that segment, unfortunately, was sans sound, so I've omitted it here. The videos below contain the raw footage of the talk which ran about 2 hours.
Joseph Meisel, Amy Lipton, Simon Draper, Beth E. Wilson and Brian Wallace spoke on the potentially expanding or evolving role of the artist in the 21st Century.
Part 1:

Video clips at UstreamPart 2:
Video clips at UstreamPart 3:
Free TV : Ustream

Progress Report: HFA Goes Inside at Van Brunt Gallery, through March 2

Here's a wee update on the HFA exhibit at Van Brunt Gallery.
Several days after the opening, the gallery was reconfigured as a workspace and exhibition space. For the past two weeks, participating artists....and anyone who wishes to be a participating artist have been in the space working on projects including. I've been spending Saturday afternoons in the gallery working.
Above: the b/w painting is by Mr. Richard Bruce, the piece on the right edge is by me. Below, a painting by Todd Sargood.

Amy Lipton introducing Christopher Kennedy and Christopher Neidl for the Solar 1 presentation on Jan 25. There's description of the presentation on the ecoartspace blog.....EcoartSpace is a sponsor of the Habitat For Artists. A screening of John Sullivan's Hues of Hudson was followed by a discussion about the role of art in community took place this past Sunday.
Here's the view from my work area. You can see the stocking cap of my studio-mate Carl peaking up from behind his monitor.
The gallery configuration will be changing abain this week with construction starting on a new habitat in the space which will likely be installed in a semi permanent home after the exhibit.
The next event scheduled as part of the exhibition is a panel talk on February 22 at... The discussion "Art in the 21 Century- Expanding the Artist's Role" will bring together the following panelists:
Amy Lipton, curator, Ecoartspace NY
Joseph Meisel, Program Officer, The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Brian Wallace, Curator, Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art, SUNY New Paltz
Beth E. Wilson, Writer and Art Critic, Professor, SUNY New Paltz

Hues of Hudson screening and discussion at Van Brunt Gallery Feb 1, 3pm.

Hues of Hudson is a documentary video produced by and directed by John Sullivan about art and artists in the Hudson Valley. Sullivan produced the video this fall as a senior project at Marist. The video which can be found on youtube in two parts, features interviews with Carl Van Brunt, Sara Pasti, Simon Draper, Thomas Huber, Paul Smart, Michael Sabilia, Norm Magnusson, Benjamin Krevolin, Franc Palaia and Jose Acosta on the state of art in the Hudson Valley.
Van Brunt Gallery will be hosting a screening and a discussion of Hues of Hudson on Sunday at 3pm as part of the Habitat for Artists Goes Inside project which is occupying the gallery through March 2.


Hues of Hudson, Part 1 (above) Part 2 (below).

Coming up: Jan 24+25 events

In Peekskill,HVCCA is hosting a series of poetry "performances" that respond directly to certain works on view currently as part of the Origins exhibit. Performances at 2pm and 6pm are planned on both Saturday and Sunday with a formal reception following the Saturday evening performance. This event is the second collaboration between the museum and the Hudson Valley Writers' Center.
Admission: Performances 1, 3 & 4
$15.00 HVCCA & Hudson Valley Writers Center members, $20.00 non-members
Admission: Performance 2 including reception
$25.00 HVCCA & Hudson Valley Writers Center members, $35.00 non-members
For Tickets: Call 914.788.0100 or email info[at]hvcca[dot]org.

3pm on Sunday afternoon will present a dilemma for some as there will be dueling talks happening at that time. I mentioned before, that Donald Alter will be giving a talk as part of his exhibit at the Garrison Art Center, in Garrison NY.
Here in Beacon NY, as part of the current Habitat For Artists exhibit, Van Brunt Gallery will be hosting a talk on solar energy given by the group Solar1- a green energy arts and education center in New York.

Last week

I had just enough conviction to stop into Steve Rossi's opening at Go North on January's snowy Second Saturday.
The Mongrol.com has some images from Cahbsmn's show at Floor One Gallery.
Carla Goldberg posted some images of the Freedom and Art exhibit at Mt. Beacon Fine Art here.
Below are a few images of the opening reception of the first phase of the Habitat for Artists project at Van Brunt on Jan 17. As a form of introduction to the overall project this part of the exhibit features 14 inch square tiles created by participating artists. The tiles conform to a modular format that can make up the skin of a habitat - in its shed form. It's like working from the outside in. HFA is not about the structures, it's about the activities those structures facilitate. As the exhibit wears on, those activities; the interactions, the exchanges should prove to be crux of the show.

Habitat For Artists at Van Brunt Gallery Jan 17-March 2

Van Brunt Gallery Habitat will be hosting a Habitat For Artists project/exhibition beginning on January 17 and running through March 2. There will be an opening reception on Saturday from 6-9pm.
A whole host of folks are participating in this project, and more are invited to take part. Van Brunt's space will be both showroom, workspace, and social hub with a wide range of events planned for the through the run of the project. Participating artists will be working in the space and the public is invited to dig in and participate too. Think of it as a mini-mini residency. Participating artists include: Christopher Albert, Richard Bruce, Sharon Butler, Ryan Cronin, Kathy Feighery, Marnie Hillsley, Matthew Kinney, Grace Knowlton, Sara Mussen, Steven Rossi, Todd Sargood, Matthew Slaats, Lynn Stein, Dar Williams, Grey Zeien and Donald Kimmel and the Flying Swine Live Theater...and Simon Draper too.
Schedule of Events
Saturday, January 17th, 2009:
OPENING RECEPTION of Habitat for Artists Goes Indoors.
6:00 to 9:00 pm
Tuesday, January 20th:
“WHAT GIVES YOU HOPE?” Presidential Inauguration Celebration/
Question and Response Installation in Gallery with Habitat for Artists
5:00 to 9:00 pm
Thursday, January 22nd:
Gallery Becomes Habitat for Making
Please join us in the making.
Gallery Hours: 11 am. To 6 pm.
Sunday, January 25th:
SOLAR 1 NYC, presentation and discussion
“Inspiring New Yorkers to become environmentally responsible residents
through environmental education.”
www.Solar1.org
3 pm
Sunday February 1:
viewing and discussion of John Sullivan’s documentary film
“Hues of the Hudson”
Artists working and living in the Hudson Valley
3 pm.
Friday, February 13th:
BEST IN SHOW Blue Ribbon event, new picks of new works by HFA artists and others
6 pm.
Sunday, February 22nd:
“ART IN THE 21
ST
CENTURY-EXPANDING THE ARTIST’S ROLE”
Panel discussion with
Amy Lipton, curator, Ecoartspace NY
Joseph Meisel, Program Officer, The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Brian Wallace, Curator, Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art, SUNY New Paltz
Beth E. Wilson, Writer and Art Critic, Professor, SUNY New Paltz
Friday, February 27th and Saturday, February 28th:
Flying Swine Live Theatre Presents:
“Hudson Adrift” a new play by Elizabeth Cody Kimmel
Friday performance to include discussion of play with Donald Kimmel, director
7 pm
Admission: $5
Sunday, March 1st:
“Alternate Readings: Beacon”
A Performance by Matthew Slaats
Bringing the past and present together
3 pm
Monday, March 2nd:
Closing, stop by to make a contribution
Other Events will be posted on the Habitat for Artists blog:
www.habitatforartists.blogspot.com

Habitat for Artists: the next generation

Bookending the Summer, going up and coming down.

Dismantling of the Habitat for Artists enclave at Spire Studios commenced at the end of October. With this first phase of HFA now over, the real fun can begin. One of the habs will stay on location as a sort of homebase while other structures are located elsewhere, bringing more artists into the project.
A reconstituted version of the hab used by Sharon L. Butler this Summer is currently sitting up in the Fields Sculpture Park at Art Omi. Come next Spring and proceeding for the next two years, the habitat will give shelter to artists working in and on the space.

As she ended her time working in her habitat, Sharon added additional layers of wallpaper over top of the existing photos and text. The structure took on the look of an interior architectural excavation in reverse - on the exterior. Those yellow and white elements still stand, augmented with new accents.

Panels by Grey Zeien, Matt Sargood, and Marnie Hillsley adorn one side of the Habitat. Another structure has a home at Poets' Walk, a Scenic Hudson park, and will also be available as a truly mini retreat for artists.
On a related, ecologically artful mindedness note, Tricia Watts and Amy Lipton of Eco Artspace, a sponsor of the HFA project, recently started an ecoartspaceblog.
Finally, the Habitat project will be the subject of an exhibit at Van Brunt Gallery's Project Space in January.

Some images from Dar Williams' CD Release Party at Spire Studios, Sept 9, 2008

A bird's eye view of Dar's performance. Simon Draper is 'thinking' to the right.

One could say that holding an exhibit or event at Spire Studios is like putting lipstick on a pig, but as one draws closer to examine the effects of such a lurid application, one could catch oneself thinking, 'Man this lipstick wearing pig is looking mighty fine'. It could happen.
It might not be right, but it don't feel wrong, and one could come to the conclusion that one could have one hell of a time with this pig, briskly gussied up as it is. This might not be a universal truth, and it might reveal a bit too much about me. The point stands, though, that although this raw space shares less in common with a converted industrial loft in SOHO than with a cobbled together structure in a Palestinian refugee camp, when there's work on the wall, the lights go up, and there are people populating the corners, there's a sensation of relaxed, jovial warmth that is not duplicated anywhere else in town.

The space is inherently apotheosis of a beautiful exhibition space, but when I was speaking to Dar after her performance, she felt it was the natural place for her to hold CD release, given the humble, open, and organic qualities of the space which makes things happen there. Back in the early days when Spire Studios and Bulldog Studios were pretty new, BCF President Sam Yanes quipped about the informality of Spire and how even some of the studios had doors. This was true-a few artist's studios did lack doors for quite awhile, but what it did have that was generally absent from Bulldog, was a warm, inviting collegial environment. I'm partial. I had a space at Spire for three years, and the quirky aspects of the joint appealed to me immediately. Last week's event felt like a homecoming of sorts as that vibe present at so many of the parties and get togethers in the past was back.

The place has never been as packed as it was for Dar's performance, and the food provided was excellent. It was a great night.

Scenic Hudson was among the non profit groups represented during the evening.





After the crowd thinned, I photographed some of the artwork:



Sharon L. Butler's work on the left, the hanging sculpture on the opposite wall is by Maureen Beck.
my piece is on the left. Richard Bruce's and Marnie Hillsley's works are behind those people.
Sara Mussen's work in the background, Simon Draper's on the right.
(l-r) Simon Draper, Val Clark, Kathy Feighery.

Of course the focus of the evening was the release of Dar William's CD Promised Land, but it also served as a closing shindig for the Habitat for Artists project which has been parasitically habitating in the parking lot of Spire all Summer. Many of the artists involved in HFA have artwork featured in the liner notes of Promised Land. Though HFA will be closing this chapter of the project, a form of it will be present at the COTA (Celebration of the Arts) in New Paltz on Saturday, Sept 27 where it will be interfacing with another batch of artists, including Kathleen Anderson and Grace Knowlton who will have work inhabiting two of the PODS which will be making the trip North. Sharon L. Butler, whose been chronicling her experience of working in one of the habitats gave a final reflection on her Two Coats of Paint blog, last week. Andrew Revkin mentioned the Habitats in a post on the NY Times Science page that related to the economical and ecological effect of the small footprint.

It looks like Simon is back to blogging about HFA after a period of being knee deep in organizing all Summer. Finally, you have until the end of the month to view Simon's contribution to the Windows on Main St Exhibit at the Exit Drake Realty office in Beacon (412 Main St). As it happens, the Realty office is moving to Fishkill, and they will keep remnants of Simon's project up through the end of September, when the move happens. Some of the undercurrents of the HFA project are emphasized in the fliers marketing the Hab's alongside the the 'real' properties available through the agency. This WOMS piece has been particularly successful because is has the dual nature of a self standing piece and at the same time a reference and a document of another concurrent project in the community. Secondly, the seamlessness of piece in the windows gave pause to people stopping to look at the offerings, prompting some to enter the office and investigate what was going on. Finally, Simon's WOMS project reached a level of collaboration with a Main St. business that hasn't happened in any previous incarnation. Not only was Exit Drake willing to participate, but the staff seemed to really respond to the inherent humor of the work, and Nancy Rosaler, one of the realtors became integral to the creation of the work, collaborating with Simon on the wording of the marketing pitches for each structure.